Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an element and a compound?

Accepted Answer

An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods, while a compound consists of two or more different kinds of atoms bonded together.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.

Question 3

A neutral atom of sodium has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23. How many neutrons does it have? Use the formula $$	ext{Number of neutrons} = 	ext{mass number} - 	ext{atomic number}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$12$$

Question 4

Which of the following is a trace element required for normal thyroid gland activity in vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

Iodine

Question 5

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the chemical behavior of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Electron

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is energy in action, while potential energy is stored energy.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a major element that makes up 96% of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 8

A PET scan uses which property of radioisotopes for medical imaging?

Accepted Answer

Their radioactivity, which releases energy as they decay

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the orbital model of the atom?

Accepted Answer

It shows electrons as a cloud of negative charge, representing regions where electrons are most likely to be found.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why energy conversions in the body are inefficient?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is always lost as heat, which is partly unusable.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct example of a compound?

Accepted Answer

H$$_2O$$

Question 12

Which form of energy is directly involved in moving matter, such as muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical energy

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with anemia due to a deficiency in the element that is a component of hemoglobin. Which element is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 14

Which of the following statements about ions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons.

Question 15

Which of the following elements is required for muscle contraction, conduction of nerve impulses, and blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 16

A sunflower plant is able to survive in soil contaminated with high levels of lead and zinc, which are toxic to most organisms. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Evolution of tolerance to toxic elements

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between atomic number and the number of protons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number equals the number of protons.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life application of radioisotopes in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Using radioactive iodine to treat thyroid cancer

Question 19

Which of the following is the most abundant negative ion (anion) in extracellular fluids?

Accepted Answer

Chlorine

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the chemical behavior of an atom depends mostly on the number of electrons in its outermost shell?

Accepted Answer

The outermost shell electrons, or valence electrons, are involved in forming chemical bonds.

Atoms, Molecules, and Bonds: Foundations of Chemistry in Anatomy & Physiology

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