Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It prepares the body for activity by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and dilating airways ('fight or flight').

Question 2

Which neurotransmitter is released by the postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system at most effector organs?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine (NE)

Question 3

Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system typically located?

Accepted Answer

Close to or within the effector organ

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between the somatic nervous system (SNS) and the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

The SNS uses a single neuron chain to innervate skeletal muscle, while the ANS uses a two-neuron chain to innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Question 5

A patient is experiencing increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and decreased digestive activity. Which division of the nervous system is most active?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a ganglion in the context of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A cluster of neuron cell bodies located outside the central nervous system where preganglionic and postganglionic neurons synapse

Question 7

Which of the following accurately describes the origin of sympathetic preganglionic fibers?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic and lumbar spinal cord segments (T1-L2)

Question 8

Which neurotransmitter is released by all preganglionic neurons in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the effectors of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Accepted Answer

The ANS innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why the sympathetic nervous system can produce a widespread response in the body?

Accepted Answer

It can stimulate the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream.

Question 11

A drug that blocks acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction would most directly affect which division of the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Somatic nervous system

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the relative lengths of fibers in the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the action of neurotransmitters in the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They can be either stimulatory or inhibitory depending on the receptor type at the effector organ.

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-life example of parasympathetic nervous system activation?

Accepted Answer

Digesting a large meal after eating

Question 15

A patient with damage to the thoracic spinal cord (T1-L2) would most likely experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Impaired 'fight or flight' responses

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the organization of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Fibers originate in the cranial nerves and sacral spinal cord (S2-S4); ganglia are close to or within the effector organ.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary movement of skeletal muscle

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why the somatic nervous system produces only stimulatory effects at its effector organ?

Accepted Answer

It uses acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, which always stimulates skeletal muscle contraction.

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the integration of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity?

Accepted Answer

A person who, after a stressful event, experiences a gradual decrease in heart rate and increased digestive activity as the body returns to homeostasis

Autonomic Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Comparison with Somatic Nervous System

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