Question 1

Which of the following correctly lists the levels of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Atom \u003e Molecule \u003e Organelle \u003e Cell \u003e Tissue \u003e Organ \u003e Organ System \u003e Organism

Question 2

A patient is experiencing rapid blood loss. Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen to tissues during this emergency?

Accepted Answer

Circulatory system

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT considered a necessary life function?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 4

During strenuous exercise, lactic acid builds up in muscles, causing a decrease in blood pH. Which buffer system helps maintain blood pH within the normal range?

Accepted Answer

H2CO3  H+ + HCO3- buffer system

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of the effector in a negative feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Carries out the response to restore homeostasis

Question 6

A patient with bulimia frequently vomits, resulting in loss of stomach acid. What effect does this have on blood pH?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH increases, causing alkalosis

Question 7

Which directional term describes a structure that is closer to the head than another structure?

Accepted Answer

Superior

Question 8

Which body cavity contains the brain and spinal cord?

Accepted Answer

Dorsal cavity

Question 9

Which of the following statements about chemical bonds is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between polar molecules

Question 10

Water is essential for life due to its unique properties. Which property allows water to dissolve many substances, making it an excellent solvent?

Accepted Answer

Polarity

Question 11

Which equation represents the buffer system that helps maintain blood pH?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H_2CO_3} \leftrightarrow \mathrm{H^+} + \mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^-}$$

Question 12

Which process is responsible for breaking down polymers into monomers by adding water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 13

Which organic compound is composed of amino acid monomers?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 14

Which level of protein structure is directly affected when a protein is denatured by heat?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary structure

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

Question 16

Which monomer forms the polymer DNA?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides

Question 17

ATP is the energy molecule of the cell. Where is the energy stored in ATP?

Accepted Answer

In the phosphate bonds

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 19

A molecule of glucose ($$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}) is $$formed from two monosaccharides by removing a water molecule. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis

Question 20

Which of the following best describes phosphorylation in the context of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, transferring energy

BIO 163 Exam 1 Study Guide: The Human Body and Basic Chemistry

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