$$\mathrm{Prothrombin} \xrightarrow{\text{Prothrombin~activator}} \mathrm{Thrombin}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of diapedesis in leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

The movement of leukocytes out of the capillaries and into tissue spaces.

Question 2

A patient presents with a parasitic worm infection. Which leukocyte would you expect to be elevated in their blood count?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of basophils in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

Release histamine to promote vasodilation and attract other leukocytes to inflamed sites.

Question 4

Which cell type is the precursor to platelets, and what is the process by which platelets are formed?

Accepted Answer

Megakaryocyte; cytoplasmic projections break off into capillary lumen.

Question 5

During the process of hemostasis, which step involves the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation (Step 3)

Question 6

A patient with a vitamin K deficiency would most likely have problems with which aspect of blood physiology?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation due to impaired synthesis of clotting factors.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Prothrombin} \xrightarrow{	ext{Prothrombin~activator}} \mathrm{Thrombin}$$

Question 8

Which leukocyte is most numerous in normal blood and acts as the first line of defense against bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils

Question 9

A patient is diagnosed with infectious mononucleosis. Which virus is responsible for this disease, and which leukocyte is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Epstein-Barr virus; lymphocytes

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

It converts plasminogen to plasmin, which digests fibrin and dissolves clots.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why platelets remain inactive in healthy blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

Endothelial cells release nitric oxide and prostacyclin, which inhibit platelet activation.

Question 13

Which leukocyte is responsible for mounting an immune response against virally-infected and tumor cells?

Accepted Answer

T lymphocytes

Question 14

A patient with chronic bacterial infection is likely to have an increased number of which leukocyte?

Accepted Answer

Monocytes

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the positive feedback mechanism during platelet plug formation?

Accepted Answer

ADP released by activated platelets causes more platelets to adhere and release their contents.

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the stabilization of a blood clot?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Fibrin} + 	ext{Factor XIII} ightarrow 	ext{Stabilized fibrin mesh}$$

Question 17

Which growth factor is responsible for stimulating fibroblast and smooth muscle mitosis during vessel healing after clot retraction?

Accepted Answer

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between granulocytes and agranulocytes?

Accepted Answer

Granulocytes contain visible cytoplasmic granules; agranulocytes do not.

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct pathway for the maturation of T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

T lymphocyte precursors mature in the thymus.

Question 20

A patient with leukemia is most likely to have which of the following abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

Overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.

Blood: Leukocytes, Platelets, and Hemostasis (Chapter 16, Part B)

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