$$\text{Blood Volume (L)} = 0.07 \times \text{Body Weight (kg)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is the primary function of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 2

A patient with type B− blood receives a transfusion of type AB+ blood. What is the most likely immediate consequence?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis due to anti-A, anti-B, and anti-Rh antibodies

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumins

Question 4

A person living at high altitude experiences increased erythropoietin (EPO) secretion. What is the physiological reason for this?

Accepted Answer

Low oxygen levels stimulate the kidneys to release EPO

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

The process of stopping blood loss through vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation

Question 6

A newborn develops jaundice shortly after birth. Which of the following best explains this condition?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of bilirubin due to rapid breakdown of fetal hemoglobin

Question 7

Which white blood cell type is most abundant and is the first to respond to bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 8

A patient with hemophilia is most likely to have which of the following problems?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency in clotting factors leading to excessive bleeding

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly estimates blood volume in liters for an adult based on body weight in kilograms?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Blood Volume (L)} = 0.07 	imes 	ext{Body Weight (kg)}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of fibrinogen in the blood?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to fibrin during blood clotting

Question 11

A woman with type O− blood is pregnant with a fetus who is Rh+. What is the risk in subsequent pregnancies if she does not receive RhoGAM?

Accepted Answer

Her anti-Rh antibodies may attack the fetal red blood cells, causing hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of basophils?

Accepted Answer

Release of histamine and heparin during allergic reactions

Question 13

Which of the following statements about plasma is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is about 92% water and contains proteins, nutrients, and wastes

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between serum and plasma?

Accepted Answer

Plasma contains clotting factors, serum does not

Question 15

A patient presents with a high white blood cell count and many immature WBCs in a blood smear. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Leukemia

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the three phases of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular phase, platelet phase, coagulation phase

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why sickle cell anemia can cause pain and organ damage?

Accepted Answer

Sickled RBCs can block capillaries, reducing blood flow to tissues

Question 18

Which of the following is the universal donor blood type?

Accepted Answer

O−

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Production of antibodies and adaptive immune response

Question 20

Which of the following nutrients is essential for the synthesis of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Blood: Structure, Function, and Clinical Significance

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