Question 1

Which of the following best explains why bones are able to resist both compression and tension forces?

Accepted Answer

Bones have an inorganic matrix (hydroxyapatite) that resists compression and an organic matrix (collagen) that resists tension.

Question 2

A patient with a genetic defect in osteoclast function is most likely to develop which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Osteopetrosis

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating bone resorption?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 4

During endochondral ossification, what is the first event that occurs in the developing long bone?

Accepted Answer

The chondroblasts in the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts.

Question 5

A 14-year-old male experiences a growth spurt. Which hormone is most likely responsible for the increased mitosis at his epiphyseal plates?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of bone remodeling in response to increased mechanical stress, such as weight-bearing exercise?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblast activity increases, leading to bone deposition.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of yellow bone marrow in adults?

Accepted Answer

Fat storage

Question 8

A patient with a vitamin D deficiency is most likely to experience which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Bone deformities and muscle weakness

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of osteocalcin in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

It binds to calcium ions and hydroxyapatite crystals to organize the inorganic matrix.

Question 10

A fracture that results in the bone breaking through the skin is classified as which type of fracture?

Accepted Answer

Compound (open) fracture

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are at increased risk for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

They have decreased hormone levels, such as estrogen, which reduces bone deposition.

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation, soft callus formation, bone callus formation, bone remodeling

Question 13

Which of the following bones is formed primarily by intramembranous ossification?

Accepted Answer

Clavicle

Question 14

A patient with achondroplasia has a mutation affecting which process?

Accepted Answer

Endochondral ossification

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of canaliculi in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

They connect lacunae and allow osteocytes to communicate and exchange nutrients.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the epiphyseal plate during bone growth?

Accepted Answer

The zone of proliferation contains actively dividing chondrocytes.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why a diet excessively high in protein may lead to bone loss?

Accepted Answer

High protein intake decreases blood pH, causing calcium and phosphate ions to be resorbed from bone to buffer the pH.

Question 18

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of secondary (lamellar) bone compared to primary (woven) bone?

Accepted Answer

Secondary bone has organized, parallel collagen bundles and a higher percentage of inorganic matrix.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of vitamin K in bone health?

Accepted Answer

It is required for osteocalcin to bind to calcium ions and promotes osteoblast proliferation.

Question 20

A 35-year-old woman undergoes a bone marrow transplant. Which of the following best describes the process?

Accepted Answer

Donor marrow is given intravenously after the recipient's marrow is destroyed by chemotherapy or radiation.

Bones and Bone Tissue: Structure, Function, Growth, and Repair

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