Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group.

Question 2

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the greatest amount of ATP, and what is the primary mechanism for this ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain; oxidative phosphorylation

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink because water leaves the cell to balance solute concentrations.

Question 4

Which of the following processes requires energy input in the form of ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the orientation of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Polar heads face both the intracellular and extracellular fluids; nonpolar tails face each other.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Glucose entering a cell via a specific transport protein

Question 7

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will swell and may burst due to water gain.

Question 8

Which organelle is primarily responsible for aerobic cellular respiration and ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water from an area of higher water concentration to lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the sodium-potassium ATPase pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions in, using 1 ATP.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion is considered a passive process?

Accepted Answer

It moves molecules down their concentration gradient without using cellular energy.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for export

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the engulfment of large solid particles, such as bacteria, by a cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires a membrane transport protein, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of the resting membrane potential (RMP) in most cells?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the cell is more negative than the outside due to ion distribution.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It sorts, modifies, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the movement of water and solutes across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water moves to the side with higher solute concentration if the membrane is impermeable to solutes.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli on the surface of intestinal cells?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription in the nucleus, translation in the cytoplasm

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis divides the nucleus, cytokinesis divides the cytoplasm.

Cell Biology and Membrane Transport: Structured Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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