Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the phospholipid bilayer and helps maintain membrane fluidity.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly lyse because water enters the cell by osmosis.

Question 3

Which of the following membrane junctions allows for the direct passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 4

Which process requires energy input to move molecules against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

The sodium-potassium pump moves ions across the plasma membrane in which ratio, and what is the result for membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$3 Na$^+$$ out, $$2 K$^+ in$$; negative inside$

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are to be secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

A mutation causes a cell to lose its ability to detoxify hydrogen peroxide. Which organelle is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 8

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the significance of this process?

Accepted Answer

S phase; it ensures each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why oxygen and carbon dioxide can easily diffuse across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They are small and highly lipid-soluble.

Question 10

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of microvilli on its surface. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin condenses, chromosomes line up at the equator, sister chromatids separate, nuclear membrane reforms

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the glycocalyx in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a marker for cell recognition and binding.

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder affecting the function of their spliceosomes. Which process is most directly impacted?

Accepted Answer

Splicing of pre-mRNA to remove introns

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion exhibits saturation kinetics?

Accepted Answer

Carrier proteins become fully occupied at high substrate concentrations.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification and packaging of proteins and lipids

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Pinocytosis engulfs liquids, while phagocytosis engulfs solid particles.

Question 17

A mutation in the gene coding for tubulin would most directly affect which cellular structure?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the genetic code and codons?

Accepted Answer

There are more possible codons than amino acids, making the code degenerate.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why a frame shift mutation can have a severe effect on protein function?

Accepted Answer

It alters the reading frame, changing every amino acid downstream of the mutation.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They digest and break down cellular waste and foreign material.

Cryder Chapter 3 practice

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