Q: The sodium-potassium exchange pump moves ions against their concentration gradients. Which equation correctly represents the stoichiometry of this pump?

$$3 \mathrm{Na}^+_{\text{(in)}} + 2 \mathrm{K}^+_{\text{(out)}} + \mathrm{ATP} \rightarrow 3 \mathrm{Na}^+_{\text{(out)}} + 2 \mathrm{K}^+_{\text{(in)}} + \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is a double layer of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads facing the extracellular fluid and cytoplasm, and hydrophobic tails facing each other, creating a selectively permeable barrier.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution with a solute concentration of 0.6 M NaCl, while the cell’s internal solute concentration is 0.15 M NaCl. What will happen to the cell, and what is the tonicity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrink; the solution is hypertonic.

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx found on the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It provides lubrication, protection, and cell recognition.

Question 4

Which process is illustrated by the movement of glucose through a carrier protein in the plasma membrane, as shown in the provided image?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 5

The sodium-potassium exchange pump moves ions against their concentration gradients. Which equation correctly represents the stoichiometry of this pump?

Accepted Answer

$$3 \mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{(in)}} + 2 \mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{(out)}} + \mathrm{ATP} ightarrow 3 \mathrm{Na}^+_{	ext{(out)}} + 2 \mathrm{K}^+_{	ext{(in)}} + \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i$$

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing most of the cell’s ATP through aerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 7

A cell is placed in a solution with a solute concentration of 1.1 M, while the cell’s internal solute concentration is 1.3 M. What will happen to the cell, and what is the tonicity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

The cell will gain water and may lyse; the solution is hypotonic.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They build polypeptides during protein synthesis.

Question 9

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why osmosis is considered a special case of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins for secretion and forming lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

They break down large molecules, bacteria, and damaged organelles.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → Translation → Processing

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of active transport?

Accepted Answer

It requires carrier proteins and ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is loosely coiled DNA present when cells are not dividing, while chromosomes are tightly coiled DNA present during cell division.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the process of filtration in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is driven by hydrostatic pressure and is important in urine formation in the kidneys.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It stores genetic information and controls cellular activities.

Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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