Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the production of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

What is the main function of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophobic tails face inward, shielded from water, while the hydrophilic heads face outward toward the aqueous environment.

Question 5

Which type of cell junction prevents molecules from passing between adjacent cells, such as in the lining of the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Question 6

A solution with a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm of a cell is described as:

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 7

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 8

Which organelle modifies, concentrates, and packages proteins and lipids for export or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

What is the main function of lysosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Digesting worn-out organelles and cellular debris

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support and aids in cell movement.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Lipid and glycogen metabolism

Question 12

Which cellular structure is responsible for organizing microtubules and forming the mitotic spindle during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli?

Accepted Answer

Increase the surface area of the plasma membrane for absorption

Question 14

Which process involves the engulfment of large solid particles by the cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the inside of the cell membrane is more negatively charged than the outside at rest?

Accepted Answer

Potassium ions diffuse out of the cell more easily than sodium ions diffuse in, creating a negative charge inside.

Question 16

Which of the following is a role of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)?

Accepted Answer

They help cells attach to extracellular molecules and guide cell movement.

Question 17

Which type of membrane protein is primarily involved in transporting substances across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Integral protein

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful substances such as alcohol and free radicals

Question 19

Which of the following is true about gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

They allow the passage of small molecules and ions directly between adjacent cells.

Question 20

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Gain water and swell

Cells: The Living Units – Structure and Function

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