Question 1

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins that move laterally, including cholesterol and carbohydrates.

Question 2

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic to their red blood cells. What will happen to the cells, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrink because water will move out of them by osmosis.

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Lipid metabolism and detoxification of drugs.

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why oxygen can diffuse directly through the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is a small, nonpolar molecule.

Question 6

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which equation best describes the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta \Psi = \Psi_{outside} - \Psi_{inside}$$, where $$\Psi_{outside} \u003e \Psi_{inside}$$

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for producing most of the cell’s ATP via aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 8

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by extending pseudopods around it. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 9

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell against their gradients.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They are the site of protein synthesis.

Question 11

A mutation prevents the formation of microtubules in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome separation during mitosis

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP

Question 13

Which process is responsible for the movement of glucose into most body cells?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why lysosomes are considered 'safe sites' for intracellular digestion?

Accepted Answer

They isolate digestive enzymes from the rest of the cell, preventing damage.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

They neutralize free radicals and detoxify harmful substances.

Question 17

A cell is actively secreting large amounts of protein. Which organelles would you expect to be especially prominent in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER and Golgi apparatus

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It requires specific binding of ligands to cell surface receptors.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It is involved in ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly.

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the hydrolysis of ATP during primary active transport?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Cells: The Living Units – Structure, Function, and Membrane Transport

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