$$\text{Water moves from an area of low solute concentration (high water) to high solute concentration (low water)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A flexible bilayer of phospholipids with proteins and carbohydrates embedded throughout, allowing for dynamic movement and specialized functions.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink because water leaves the cell to balance the higher solute concentration outside.

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of integral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Serving as channels or carriers for transport of molecules across the membrane.

Question 4

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 5

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will swell and may burst due to water entering the cells.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why oxygen and carbon dioxide can easily cross the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They are nonpolar and lipid-soluble, allowing them to diffuse directly through the phospholipid bilayer.

Question 7

Which type of cell junction prevents the movement of molecules between adjacent cells, such as in the lining of the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 8

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which equation best describes the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Water moves from an area of low solute concentration (high water) to high solute concentration (low water)}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of the glycocalyx on the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP for cellular energy

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the Na$$^+-K$^+$$ pump in maintaining resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports Na$$^+$$ out of the cell and K$$^+$$ into the cell, creating an electrochemical gradient.

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios is an example of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A cell internalizing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles by binding them to specific surface receptors.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion is necessary for glucose transport into most cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is polar and requires a carrier protein to cross the hydrophobic core of the membrane.

Question 14

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits all forms of vesicular transport. Which of the following processes would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis of neurotransmitters

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the relationship between cell structure and function?

Accepted Answer

The shape and subcellular structures of a cell determine its biochemical functions.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Glucose being co-transported into intestinal cells along with Na$$^+$$, using the Na$$^+$$ gradient established by the Na$$^+-K$^+$$ pump.

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the hydrolysis of ATP, which provides energy for active transport?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

They allow the passage of ions and small molecules directly between adjacent cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a cell-environment interaction mediated by cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)?

Accepted Answer

A white blood cell migrating toward an infection site by adhering to blood vessel walls.

Cells: The Living Units – Structure, Function, and Membrane Transport

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