Question 1

Which type of cell junction is most likely to be found between cells in tissues that experience significant mechanical stress, such as cardiac muscle or the skin?

Accepted Answer

Desmosomes

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to shrink. Which of the following best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the process shown in the image where a dye spreads from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 Na+ out of the cell and 2 K+ into the cell per ATP hydrolyzed.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water moves into a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

The cell has a higher solute concentration than the solution, so water moves in by osmosis.

Question 6

Which of the following transport processes requires energy directly from ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 7

A cell is observed to engulf large particles by extending pseudopods around them. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

They allow the passage of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells.

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses carrier or channel proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 10

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their red blood cells. What is the most likely outcome for the red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

They will shrink due to water loss.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between channel-mediated and carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Carrier-mediated diffusion involves conformational changes in the protein, while channel-mediated does not.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of secondary active transport in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Glucose absorption in the small intestine via Na+-glucose symporter

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why red blood cells are classified as 'free' cells?

Accepted Answer

They are not bound to other cells and circulate independently in the bloodstream.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the Na+-K+ pump in maintaining resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It pumps Na+ out and K+ in, maintaining a negative charge inside the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesize ATP for cellular energy

Question 16

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which equation best describes the osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$generated by the solute concentration difference, according to van't Hoff's law?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell internalizes specific molecules bound to receptors in clathrin-coated pits.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from areas of low solute concentration to areas of high solute concentration.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion exhibits a maximum rate of transport (saturation)?

Accepted Answer

Carrier proteins become saturated when all are occupied by substrate.

Question 20

Which of the following is a direct result of the action of the Na+-K+ ATPase in neurons?

Accepted Answer

Maintenance of the resting membrane potential

Cellular Structure and Membrane Transport: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드