$$\text{Blood Volume (L)} = 0.07 \times \text{Body Weight (kg)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following is the primary function of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 2

A patient with type B negative (B−) blood receives a transfusion of type AB positive (AB+) blood. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Agglutination and hemolysis due to anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies in the recipient

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumins

Question 4

A person with type O negative (O−) blood is considered a universal donor for red blood cell transfusions. Why?

Accepted Answer

Their red blood cells lack A, B, and Rh antigens

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of erythropoiesis?

Accepted Answer

The production of red blood cells stimulated by erythropoietin

Question 6

A patient presents with jaundice. Which step in hemoglobin recycling is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Excretion of bilirubin by the liver

Question 7

Which white blood cell type is most abundant and is the first to respond to bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 8

A woman who is Rh− is pregnant with an Rh+ fetus. What is the risk in subsequent pregnancies if she is not treated with RhoGAM?

Accepted Answer

Her anti-Rh antibodies may attack the fetal red blood cells, causing hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 9

Which of the following is required for the coagulation phase of hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin K and calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$})$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why mature red blood cells cannot divide or repair themselves?

Accepted Answer

They lack a nucleus and ribosomes

Question 11

A patient with a high eosinophil count is most likely suffering from which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A parasitic infection or allergic reaction

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly estimates blood volume in liters for an adult based on body weight in kilograms?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Blood Volume (L)} = 0.07 	imes 	ext{Body Weight (kg)}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of platelets?

Accepted Answer

Initiating the clotting process by forming a temporary plug

Question 14

Which plasma protein is converted to fibrin during the coagulation phase?

Accepted Answer

Fibrinogen

Question 15

A patient with sickle cell anemia is at increased risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Clotting and blockage of capillaries due to abnormally shaped RBCs

Question 16

Which of the following white blood cells is primarily responsible for the adaptive immune response?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocyte

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of transferrin in the body?

Accepted Answer

It transports iron in the blood to the red bone marrow

Question 18

Which of the following is a likely consequence of thrombocytopenia?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of excessive bleeding

Question 19

Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each hemoglobin molecule can bind up to four oxygen molecules

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the effect of heparin in the blood?

Accepted Answer

It accelerates the activation of antithrombin-III, inhibiting clotting

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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