Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation?

$$\text{fibrinogen} \xrightarrow{\text{thrombin}} \text{fibrin}$$

Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

$$\text{prothrombin} \xrightarrow{\text{prothrombin activator}} \text{thrombin}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of albumin in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a major buffer and helps maintain osmotic pressure.

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 60%. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia vera

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating erythropoiesis, and where is it produced?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin, produced by the kidneys

Question 4

A patient with jaundice is likely to have an accumulation of which substance in their blood?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why a person with type O blood is considered a universal donor?

Accepted Answer

Their RBCs lack A and B antigens, so they do not react with anti-A or anti-B antibodies.

Question 6

A 17-year-old female is brought to the ER with fever, headache, and stiff neck. Her CBC with differential shows a significant increase in neutrophils. What does this suggest?

Accepted Answer

A bacterial infection

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vascular spasm → Platelet plug formation → Coagulation

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{fibrinogen} \xrightarrow{	ext{thrombin}} 	ext{fibrin}$$

Question 9

A patient with hemophilia is most likely to have a deficiency in which process?

Accepted Answer

Coagulation

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of transferrin in the body?

Accepted Answer

It transports iron in the blood.

Question 11

A patient with type A blood can safely receive blood from which donor type?

Accepted Answer

Type O

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why anti-Rh antibodies are not present in the plasma of an Rh-negative individual unless sensitization has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Anti-Rh antibodies are only produced after exposure to Rh-positive blood.

Question 13

A patient with severe blood loss is most likely to receive which type of transfusion to restore oxygen-carrying capacity without causing fluid overload?

Accepted Answer

Packed red blood cells (PRBCs)

Question 14

Which of the following white blood cells is primarily responsible for mounting an immune response against viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes

Question 15

A patient with a platelet count of 80,000/μL is at risk for which condition?

Accepted Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

The dissolution of a blood clot by plasmin

Question 17

A patient with sickle cell anemia is most likely to have which type of anemia?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic anemia

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the physiological response to high altitude exposure, such as in Mr. Stars’ case?

Accepted Answer

Increased erythropoietin secretion leads to increased RBC production.

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin during coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{prothrombin} \xrightarrow{	ext{prothrombin activator}} 	ext{thrombin}$$

Question 20

Which of the following blood tests should be ordered before starting a transfusion in a patient with severe blood loss?

Accepted Answer

ABO and Rh blood typing and crossmatch

Chapter 17: Blood – Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

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