$$\text{Prothrombin} \xrightarrow{\text{Prothrombinase}} \text{Thrombin} \xrightarrow{\text{Thrombin}} \text{Fibrinogen} \rightarrow \text{Fibrin}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of erythrocytes in the blood?

Accepted Answer

They transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs.

Question 2

A patient presents with a hematocrit of 60%. Which condition is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Polycythemia

Question 3

Which plasma protein is most responsible for maintaining blood osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

Albumin

Question 4

A person with type AB- blood can safely receive which of the following blood types in a transfusion?

Accepted Answer

O-

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes are biconcave in shape?

Accepted Answer

To increase their surface area for gas exchange

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the common pathway of coagulation?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Prothrombin} \xrightarrow{	ext{Prothrombinase}} 	ext{Thrombin} \xrightarrow{	ext{Thrombin}} 	ext{Fibrinogen} ightarrow 	ext{Fibrin}$$

Question 7

A patient with a genetic deficiency in factor VIII would most likely be diagnosed with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia A

Question 8

Which leukocyte is most likely to increase in number during a parasitic worm infection?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil

Question 9

What is the primary stimulus for erythropoietin (EPO) secretion?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood oxygen levels

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the fate of the heme group from hemoglobin after erythrocyte destruction?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to biliverdin, then bilirubin, and excreted in bile.

Question 11

A patient with type O- blood is considered a universal donor for which reason?

Accepted Answer

Their erythrocytes lack A, B, and Rh antigens.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

They form a temporary plug by adhering to exposed collagen at the injury site.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of diapedesis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of leukocytes out of the bloodstream through vessel walls to sites of infection.

Question 14

A patient with chronic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency most likely has which type of anemia?

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why blood doping can be dangerous?

Accepted Answer

It increases blood viscosity, making the heart work harder and increasing the risk of cardiovascular damage.

Question 16

Which of the following is true regarding the ABO blood group system?

Accepted Answer

Type A blood has anti-B antibodies in the plasma.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) in hemopoiesis?

Accepted Answer

They stimulate the differentiation and proliferation of specific blood cell lines from stem cells.

Question 18

A patient with a high neutrophil count and a left-shifted differential is most likely experiencing which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A bacterial infection

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrinolysis?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of fibrin in a blood clot by plasmin.

Question 20

Which of the following is a possible consequence of Rh incompatibility during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)

Chapter 18: Blood Anatomy and Physiology – Study Guide

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