Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a physical and a chemical change in matter?

Accepted Answer

A chemical change alters the basic nature of a substance, while a physical change does not.

Question 2

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 3

What is the primary function of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To trap and transfer chemical energy for cellular work

Question 4

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons and electrons but differ in the number of neutrons.

Question 5

Which type of chemical bond involves the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 6

A solution with a pH of 5 has how many times more hydrogen ions than a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

$$100$$

Question 7

Which property of water allows it to help regulate body temperature by absorbing and releasing large amounts of heat?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a buffer in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

A chemical that resists changes in pH by accepting or donating hydrogen ions

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 10

Which of the following statements about enzymes is true?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have only single covalent bonds, allowing molecules to pack closely together.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Forming the structural basis of cell membranes

Question 13

A patient is found to have a blood pH of 7.1. Which of the following best describes their condition?

Accepted Answer

Their blood is acidic.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monosaccharide, disaccharide, and polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Monosaccharides are single sugar units, disaccharides are two sugars joined together, and polysaccharides are long chains of sugars.

Question 15

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body, required in very small amounts but essential for enzyme activation?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of hydrogen bonds in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

They are weak bonds that help maintain the structure of proteins and DNA.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose; RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Polymers are broken down into monomers by the addition of a water molecule.

Question 19

A molecule of sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves in water and dissociates into ions. Which property of water allows this to occur?

Accepted Answer

Polarity

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific to the reactions they catalyze?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites that fit only specific substrates, like a lock and key.

Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry – Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제