Q: Given the atomic number and mass number of an atom, how do you calculate the number of neutrons?

Subtract the atomic number from the mass number: $$\text{Neutrons} = \text{Mass Number} - \text{Atomic Number}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as muscle contraction, while potential energy is stored energy, such as in ATP molecules.

Question 2

Which element is the most abundant in the human body by mass, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen; required for the production of cellular energy (ATP).

Question 3

A patient is injected with a radioactive isotope for a PET scan. Which property of radioisotopes allows them to be used in medical imaging?

Accepted Answer

They have the same chemical behavior as stable isotopes, allowing them to be taken up by the body and detected by imaging instruments.

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the subatomic particle with its charge and location?

Accepted Answer

Neutron: no charge, nucleus

Question 5

Given the atomic number and mass number of an atom, how do you calculate the number of neutrons?

Accepted Answer

Subtract the atomic number from the mass number: $$	ext{Neutrons} = 	ext{Mass Number} - 	ext{Atomic Number}$$

Question 6

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 7

Which type of chemical bond is formed when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 8

Water (H$$_2O) is $$considered a polar molecule because:

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative, creating a partial negative charge near the oxygen and a partial positive charge near the hydrogens.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why blood is considered a suspension?

Accepted Answer

Blood contains large, visible particles (cells) that will settle out if left undisturbed.

Question 10

A solution is prepared by dissolving 180.12 grams of glucose (C$$_6H$_{12}O$_6) in $$enough water to make 1 liter of solution. What is the molarity (M) of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$1\,	ext{M}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration: $$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$$

Question 12

Which of the following factors will NOT increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the concentration of reactants

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and an electronegative atom with a partial negative charge.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{A + B \rightarrow AB}$$

Question 15

A molecule of methane (CH$$_4) is $$formed when carbon shares electrons with four hydrogen atoms. What type of bond is present in methane?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bond

Question 16

Which of the following statements about mixtures and compounds is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Mixtures do not involve chemical bonding between components.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the Rule of Octet?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are most stable when they have 8 electrons in their outermost shell.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life application of hydrogen bonding in biology?

Accepted Answer

Stabilization of DNA's double helix structure

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why energy conversions in the body are considered inefficient?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is always lost as heat, which is partly unusable.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a redox reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration, where glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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