Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 2

A sodium atom (Na) has 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 11 electrons. What is the atomic number and mass number of sodium?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number = 11, Mass number = 23

Question 3

Which of the following statements about water is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to dissolve many substances and form hydrogen bonds.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why radioactive iodine-131 is effective in treating thyroid cancer?

Accepted Answer

The thyroid gland is the only part of the body that actively transports and metabolizes iodine, so iodine-131 selectively destroys thyroid tissue.

Question 5

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ g/L. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 4$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$H_2$$ + $$O_2$$ \rightarrow 2H_2O$$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain pH homeostasis by binding or releasing $$H^+$$ ions as needed.

Question 8

Which of the following is a property of saturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

They are mostly of animal origin and have only single carbon-carbon bonds.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 10

Which of the following molecules is classified as a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose

Question 11

A patient is experiencing alkalemia. Which of the following pH values would most likely be found in their blood?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 7.6$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

DNA stores genetic information and is composed of nucleotides containing deoxyribose.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why water is considered an excellent solvent for electrolytes?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, so it can surround and dissociate ions in solution.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a reversible reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

$$CO_2 + H_2O$$ \leftrightarrow H_2CO_3$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between organic and inorganic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Organic molecules always contain both carbon and hydrogen, while inorganic molecules generally do not.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes, structural materials, and antibodies

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in cells?

Accepted Answer

They form the main structural component of cell membranes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a trace element required by the human body?

Accepted Answer

Iron (Fe)

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why proteins can lose their function when exposed to high heat or extreme pH?

Accepted Answer

Heat and pH changes can denature proteins by altering their secondary and tertiary structures.

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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