Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between kinetic and potential energy in the context of human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, such as muscle contraction, while potential energy is stored energy, such as in ATP molecules.

Question 2

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of the human body by mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 3

A neutral atom of sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11 and a mass number of 23. How many neutrons does it contain?

Accepted Answer

$$23 - 11 = 12$$ neutrons

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to surround and separate ions in solution.

Question 5

Which of the following mixtures is correctly matched with its example and description?

Accepted Answer

Colloid – Jell-O – Particles do not settle out and scatter light

Question 6

Which statement about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the octet rule in chemical bonding?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are stable when their outermost electron shell contains eight electrons.

Question 8

A patient is given a solution with a pH of 4. How does this solution compare to a solution with a pH of 7 in terms of hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

It has 1000 times more hydrogen ions.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, lowering the activation energy required for reactions.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about ionic bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in oppositely charged ions.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a buffer in the context of blood chemistry?

Accepted Answer

A buffer resists changes in pH by binding or releasing hydrogen ions as needed.

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of water that makes it vital for life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to act as a polar solvent

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom in one molecule and an electronegative atom in another molecule.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a decomposition (catabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB \rightarrow A + B$$

Question 16

Which of the following statements about mixtures and compounds is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mixtures can be separated by physical means, while compounds require chemical reactions to separate.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of sodium and potassium ions in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They are important for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A solution with pH 3 has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions than a solution with pH 6.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why energy conversions in the body are inefficient?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is always lost as heat during conversions.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of an exchange (displacement) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB + CD \rightarrow AD + CB$$

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제