$$[H^+] = 1 \times 10$$^{-5}$$ M; it is 100 times more acidic than pH 7

Question 1

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the most important inorganic compound in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water is involved in temperature regulation, transport, and protection of organs.

Question 2

A solution has a pH of 5. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$moles per liter, and how does it compare to a solution with pH 7?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M; it is 100 times more acidic than pH 7

Question 3

Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 4

Which type of chemical bond is primarily responsible for the surface tension of water, allowing insects to walk on its surface?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with metabolic alkalosis. Which of the following best describes the patient's blood pH and hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

Blood pH is above 7.45; $$[H^+] is $$decreased

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between a mixture and a compound?

Accepted Answer

Mixtures can be separated by physical means, while compounds require chemical methods.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The joining of amino acids to form a protein

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 9

A sodium atom ($$Na) $$reacts with a chlorine atom ($$Cl) to $$form sodium chloride ($$NaCl). $$Which of the following best describes the process?

Accepted Answer

Sodium donates an electron to chlorine, forming an ionic bond.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose, while RNA contains ribose.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are considered biological catalysts?

Accepted Answer

They increase the rate of chemical reactions without being changed themselves.

Question 12

Which of the following is a trace element in the human body and is essential for enzyme activation?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide chain

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a decomposition (catabolic) reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of glycogen to release glucose molecules

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain pH homeostasis by minimizing changes in hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of fibrous (structural) proteins?

Accepted Answer

They provide mechanical support and tensile strength.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between a colloid and a suspension?

Accepted Answer

Colloids have larger solute particles than solutions but do not settle out, while suspensions have particles that settle out.

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the octet rule and chemical reactivity?

Accepted Answer

Atoms with incomplete valence shells tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve stability.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes an exchange (displacement) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which bonds are both made and broken

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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