Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential and kinetic energy? Select the correct example for each.

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored energy, such as water held behind a dam; kinetic energy is energy in action, such as water flowing down a river.

Question 2

Refer to the first image. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are present in the atom shown?

Accepted Answer

3 protons, 3 neutrons, 2 electrons

Question 3

Which of the following is a true statement about isotopes, as illustrated in the second image?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the overall reaction for cellular respiration (see the third image) is not reversible in body cells?

Accepted Answer

The products, $$CO_2$$ and $$H_2O$$, are rapidly removed from the cell, driving the reaction forward.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the bicarbonate buffer system shown in the fourth image?

Accepted Answer

It resists changes in blood pH by shifting equilibrium to add or remove $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 6

If blood becomes more acidic, as shown in the fourth image, which direction will the equilibrium shift and what will be the result?

Accepted Answer

Shift to the left; removal of $$H^+$$ ions

Question 7

Refer to the fifth image. Why do phospholipids form a bilayer in water?

Accepted Answer

Their polar heads interact with water, while their nonpolar tails avoid water.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process occurring in the sixth image (cooking an egg)?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation of proteins

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of triglycerides in the body?

Accepted Answer

Providing insulation and stored energy

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons; nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing.

Question 11

Which of the following is the storage carbohydrate (polysaccharide) of animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP transfers energy to other compounds to power cellular work.

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose and stores genetic information; RNA contains ribose and helps express genetic information.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

It increases the rate of reaction.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct formula for the breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration, as shown in the third image?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Joining monomers to form polymers by removing water

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of sodium ions ($$Na^+) in $$the body?

Accepted Answer

Regulating water and fluid balance, generating electrical signals

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between acids, bases, and buffers?

Accepted Answer

Acids release $$H^+$$ ions, bases accept $$H^+$$ ions, and buffers minimize changes in pH.

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Guided Study for Anatomy & Physiology

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