Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are joined by removal of OH from one monomer and H from the other at the site of bond formation.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of carbon that makes it essential for organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon easily gains or loses electrons to form ions.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of a polysaccharide and its biological role?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; carbohydrate storage in animals

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the formation of peptide bonds. Which macromolecule would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 5

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms and are solid at room temperature.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are critical for cell membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers in aqueous environments.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is a starting material for synthesis of vitamin D, steroid hormones, and bile salts.

Question 8

A patient is prescribed NSAIDs to reduce inflammation. Which class of lipids is most directly affected by this medication?

Accepted Answer

Eicosanoids

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

Question 10

Which of the following is a globular protein and its function?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme; catalyzes biochemical reactions

Question 11

A mutation causes the substitution of valine for glutamic acid in hemoglobin. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal red blood cell function, as seen in sickle cell disease

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the effect of enzymes on chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for the reaction.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nucleic acid and its function?

Accepted Answer

DNA; stores genetic information for protein synthesis

Question 14

Which of the following statements about ATP is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides immediate, usable energy for cellular work.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

The presence of double bonds creates kinks, preventing tight packing of molecules.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of two or more polypeptide chains into a functional protein

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Cooking an egg, causing the egg white to solidify

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the complementary base-pairing rules in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T, and G pairs with C

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in enzyme action?

Accepted Answer

Substrate binds to active site, substrate is rearranged, product is released

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why glycogen must be broken down before it can be used by animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is a large, insoluble polysaccharide that cannot pass through cell membranes.

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Organic Compounds in Human Anatomy & Physiology

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