Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a compound and a mixture?

Accepted Answer

Compounds involve chemical bonding between components, while mixtures do not involve chemical bonding.

Question 2

A solution contains 10 grams of glucose dissolved in enough water to make 1 liter of solution. What is the molarity (M) of the solution? (Molecular weight of glucose = 180 g/mol)

Accepted Answer

$$0.056\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 3

Which of the following statements about water is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Water is a nonpolar solvent, making it unable to dissolve ionic substances.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) form an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Sodium donates an electron to chlorine, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct representation of the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve 8 electrons in their valence shell.

Question 6

A patient is found to have a blood pH of 7.2. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The blood is slightly acidic, and the bicarbonate buffer system may help restore normal pH.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between carbon atoms, making them solid at room temperature.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of eicosanoids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in blood clotting, inflammation, and labor contractions.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are specific to their substrates and lower the activation energy of reactions.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water forms hydration layers around ions due to its polarity.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose; RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.

Question 14

A patient is given a solution with a pH of 4. What is the hydrogen ion concentration $$[H^+] of $$this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides immediate, usable energy for cellular work.

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of colloids but NOT of solutions?

Accepted Answer

Colloids have solute particles that scatter light and do not settle out.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about the denaturation of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation involves the unfolding of proteins, leading to loss of function.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a buffer system in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A buffer system resists changes in pH by releasing or binding hydrogen ions.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction?

Accepted Answer

An atom loses electrons and is oxidized, while another atom gains electrons and is reduced.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for life?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes allow chemical reactions to occur rapidly at body temperature by lowering activation energy.

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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