$$[H^+] = 10$$^{-5}$$ \text{ M}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential and kinetic energy in the context of muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored in the chemical bonds of ATP, and kinetic energy is the energy released and used for muscle contraction.

Question 2

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of human body mass and is essential for cellular energy production?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 3

A neutral atom of carbon has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number = 6, Mass number = 12

Question 4

Which statement best explains why sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) form an ionic bond in table salt (NaCl)?

Accepted Answer

Sodium donates an electron to chlorine, forming Na+ and Cl– ions that are attracted to each other.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond where electrons are shared unequally, resulting in partial charges on the molecule.

Question 6

What property of water allows a water strider to walk on the surface of a pond?

Accepted Answer

Surface tension due to hydrogen bonding

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct representation of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 8

A solution has a pH of 5. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$moles per liter?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 10$$^{-5}$$ 	ext{ M}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers resist abrupt changes in pH by binding or releasing hydrogen ions.

Question 10

Which of the following is a property of organic compounds but NOT inorganic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Contain carbon-hydrogen (C–H) bonds

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why oil does not dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

Oil is nonpolar and water is polar, so there is no attraction between their molecules.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Acting as enzymes to catalyze biochemical reactions

Question 13

Which level of protein structure is defined by the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 14

What happens to an enzyme when it is exposed to extreme heat or pH changes?

Accepted Answer

It denatures, losing its three-dimensional structure and function.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds and releases it when these bonds are broken.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a decomposition (catabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB \rightarrow A + B$$

Question 18

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a suspension?

Accepted Answer

A heterogeneous mixture with large particles that settle out over time.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct example of an exchange (displacement) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$AB + C \rightarrow AC + B$$

Chapter 2: Chemistry Comes Alive – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제