Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a cation and an anion, as shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A cation is formed by losing electrons, while an anion is formed by gaining electrons.

Question 2

Which subatomic particle determines the chemical reactivity of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons

Question 3

Refer to the energy diagram for enzyme action. What is the main effect of an enzyme on a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the activation energy required.

Question 4

Given the chemical equation $$2H_2 + O_2$ \rightarrow 2H_2O$$, what does the coefficient '2' in front of $$H_2$$ indicate?

Accepted Answer

Two molecules of hydrogen gas are involved in the reaction.

Question 5

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of body weight?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 6

Which property of water allows it to absorb and release large amounts of heat without changing temperature significantly?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 7

A solution with a pH of 3 is considered:

Accepted Answer

Acidic

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a buffer's function in the body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers stabilize pH by releasing or binding ions.

Question 9

Which type of chemical bond is the strongest?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 10

What is the main difference between a mixture and a compound?

Accepted Answer

Mixtures are physically combined, compounds are chemically bonded.

Question 11

Which organic molecule is the primary energy carrier in cells?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 12

Which of the following is a polymer of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Polypeptide

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of an amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A central carbon bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and an R group.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of ATP in the body?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 17

Which factor would NOT increase the rate of a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing concentration of reactants

Question 18

Which of the following is a property of a solution?

Accepted Answer

It does not settle or scatter light.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

They have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are stable with 8 electrons in their valence shell.

Chapter 2: Chemistry Fundamentals for Anatomy & Physiology

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