Question 1

Which of the following best explains why bones are strong from a chemical perspective?

Accepted Answer

They are made of minerals and the protein collagen, both of which are chemicals that provide strength and flexibility.

Question 2

Which statement correctly describes the relationship between protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom?

Accepted Answer

The number of protons equals the number of electrons, resulting in no overall charge.

Question 3

Which of the following elements makes up the largest percentage of the human body’s mass?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 4

A patient is injected with a radiotracer for a diagnostic scan. Which property of the radiotracer allows it to be detected by cameras?

Accepted Answer

It releases energy as radiation due to being a radioisotope.

Question 5

Which of the following best distinguishes a mixture from a molecule?

Accepted Answer

Mixtures can be separated by physical means, while molecules require chemical means to separate.

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond is the strongest and involves the sharing of electrons between nonmetal atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 7

A molecule of water (H$$_2O) is an $$example of which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy and speed up reactions without being permanently altered.

Question 9

A solution has a pH of 4. What does this indicate about the hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic with a high hydrogen ion concentration.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of water in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Acts as a lubricant between adjacent surfaces

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a buffer system in the body?

Accepted Answer

A buffer system resists changes in pH by neutralizing added acids or bases.

Question 12

Which of the following is true about the formation of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

It is a polar covalent bond formed by dehydration synthesis between two amino acids.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why trans-fats are considered unhealthy?

Accepted Answer

They are produced by adding hydrogen to unsaturated plant oils and significantly increase heart disease risk.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about DNA structure?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double helix held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

Question 15

A patient with Tay-Sachs disease has a deficiency of which enzyme, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Hexosaminidase; accumulation of gangliosides around brain cells

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and are solid at room temperature; unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds and are liquid at room temperature.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Forming new proteins from amino acids

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP is the main source of chemical energy driving cellular processes.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about protein denaturation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation disrupts hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions, causing loss of protein function.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between a cation and an anion?

Accepted Answer

A cation is a positively charged ion formed by losing electrons; an anion is a negatively charged ion formed by gaining electrons.

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life – Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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