Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a solution, a colloid, and a suspension in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A solution contains solute particles under 1 nm that do not scatter light, a colloid contains particles between 1–100 nm that scatter light, and a suspension contains particles over 100 nm that separate on standing.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of sodium chloride (NaCl) in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Serving as a primary energy source for ATP production

Question 3

A patient is exposed to high levels of radiation, resulting in the production of free radicals. Which of the following dietary components would most effectively help neutralize these free radicals?

Accepted Answer

Antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E

Question 4

Which of the following statements about water is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Water is primarily used for long-term energy storage.

Question 5

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of hydrogen ions.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anabolism and catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolism builds molecules, while catabolism breaks down molecules.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a polymer and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Starch – monosaccharide

Question 8

Which of the following statements about lipids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 9

A patient is prescribed a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as ibuprofen. What is the primary biochemical effect of this drug?

Accepted Answer

It blocks the synthesis of eicosanoids, reducing inflammation.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why proteins can perform such a wide variety of functions in the body?

Accepted Answer

Proteins have diverse R groups that give each amino acid unique properties.

Question 11

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to extreme heat or very acidic pH

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, allowing reactions to occur rapidly at body temperature.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nucleic acid and its function?

Accepted Answer

DNA – stores genetic information for protein synthesis

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why maintaining blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45 is crucial?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme function and metabolic reactions are highly sensitive to pH changes.

Question 15

Which of the following is a property of a carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic and used for quick energy

Question 16

A patient is unable to digest cellulose. What is the physiological consequence of this?

Accepted Answer

The patient will lack dietary fiber, which is important for digestive health.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the structure of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide composed of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and three phosphate groups

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine – Guanine

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why triglycerides are considered 'neutral fats'?

Accepted Answer

Once formed, the fatty acid is no longer acidic.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of eicosanoids in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Short-range hormone-like signaling involved in inflammation and blood clotting

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life – Structured Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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