Question 1

Which of the following best explains why atoms are electrically neutral?

Accepted Answer

Because the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

Question 2

A patient is injected with a radiotracer for a diagnostic scan. Which property of the radiotracer allows it to be detected by imaging equipment?

Accepted Answer

It emits radiation due to its unstable nucleus.

Question 3

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four major elements that make up 96% of the human body’s mass?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 4

A sodium atom loses one electron to become a sodium ion. What type of ion is formed and what is its charge?

Accepted Answer

Cation, +1

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared unequally, creating partial charges on the molecule.

Question 6

Which property of water allows it to dissolve ionic and polar substances but not nonpolar substances?

Accepted Answer

Its polarity

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a high concentration of hydrogen ions.

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the dissociation of water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H_2O \rightarrow H^+ + OH^-}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy and speed up reactions.

Question 10

A protein is exposed to high heat and loses its three-dimensional structure. What is this process called, and what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation; the protein will lose its function.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They are the main structural component of cell membranes.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why buffers are important in the human body?

Accepted Answer

They prevent large swings in pH when acids or bases are added.

Question 13

Which of the following is a monomer of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the amphiphilic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have both polar and nonpolar regions.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about ATP (adenosine triphosphate)?

Accepted Answer

It is the main source of chemical energy for cellular processes.

Question 16

A solution with a pH of 9 is considered:

Accepted Answer

Basic

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a nonpolar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are shared equally between atoms.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins and glycolipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

They help maintain structural integrity of cells and enable cell communication.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the induced fit mechanism of enzyme action?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme changes shape to fit the substrate when the substrate binds.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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