Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a compound and a molecule?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is made of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds, while a compound is made of two or more different atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about water is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Water absorbs heat without a significant change in temperature, making it important for temperature regulation in the body.

Question 3

A solution has a pH of 4. What does this indicate about the solution?

Accepted Answer

It is acidic and has a higher concentration of hydrogen ions ($$H^+) $$than pure water.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) form an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Sodium donates an electron to chlorine, resulting in oppositely charged ions that attract each other.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct representation of the hydrolysis reaction for the breakdown of sucrose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}$$O_6 + C_6H$$_{12}$$O_6$$}$

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, increasing the rate of the reaction without being permanently altered.

Question 7

A patient’s blood pH drops to 7.25. Which of the following best describes this condition and the body’s likely response?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing acidosis, and buffers in the blood will bind excess hydrogen ions to resist further pH decrease.

Question 8

Which of the following is a property of saturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

They have no double bonds between carbon atoms and are usually solid at room temperature.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why proteins lose their function when denatured?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation disrupts hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions, altering the protein’s three-dimensional shape.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double-stranded helix with complementary base pairing, where adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes an exchange reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which atoms or electrons are transferred between reactants, such as in redox reactions.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the behavior of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules in water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic molecules have partially charged ends and dissolve in water, while hydrophobic molecules are nonpolar and do not dissolve.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group, with a polar head and nonpolar tails.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the formation of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

It is a polar covalent bond formed by dehydration synthesis between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the main energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP contains high-energy phosphate bonds, and hydrolysis of these bonds releases energy that can be used for cellular work.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of an oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which a reactant loses electrons and is oxidized, while another reactant gains electrons and is reduced.

Question 17

Which of the following factors will NOT increase the rate of a chemical reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing the kinetic energy of the reactants.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between a monomer and a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A monomer is a single subunit that can be combined to build larger structures, while a polymer is a larger structure consisting of many monomers linked together.

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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