Question 1

Which of the following best explains why bones are strong, according to the chemical level of organization?

Accepted Answer

Bones are composed of minerals and the protein collagen, both of which are chemicals that provide strength and flexibility.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about atoms is correct?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are electrically neutral because the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

Question 3

A patient is injected with a radiotracer for a nuclear medicine scan. Which property of the radiotracer allows it to be detected by cameras?

Accepted Answer

It is a radioisotope that emits radiation as it decays.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes a solution?

Accepted Answer

A liquid (usually water) mixed with a solid, liquid, or gas in which one substance dissolves in another, appearing translucent.

Question 5

Which of the following compounds is most likely to be nonpolar?

Accepted Answer

A molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Question 6

What is the main difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.

Question 7

A patient with acidosis has a blood pH of 7.20. Which of the following statements is true regarding the hydrogen ion concentration in their blood?

Accepted Answer

The hydrogen ion concentration is higher than normal, making the blood more acidic.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in the body?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions, increasing the reaction rate without being permanently altered.

Question 9

Which of the following is a property of water that is vital to living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Water absorbs heat without changing significantly in temperature.

Question 10

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the hydrogen ion concentration, and how does it compare to a solution with a pH of 7?

Accepted Answer

The hydrogen ion concentration is $$10^{-4} M$$, which is 1,000 times higher than a solution with a pH of 7.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids are essential for cell membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids are amphiphilic, having both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers in water.

Question 12

A patient is diagnosed with Tay-Sachs disease. Which enzyme deficiency is responsible for this condition, and what is the consequence?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency of hexosaminidase, leading to accumulation of gangliosides around brain cells.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis in the breakdown of polymers?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis splits a polymer by adding a molecule of water.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule and its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Protein – Amino acid

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are highly specific for their substrates?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have an active site that binds to a specific substrate, following the 'induced fit' mechanism.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the body?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol forms the basis for other steroids, including bile acids and sex hormones.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine via 2 hydrogen bonds; guanine pairs with cytosine via 3 hydrogen bonds.

Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life – Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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