Question 1

Which structure in the image is responsible for synthesizing proteins, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

The ribosomes; they assemble amino acids into proteins.

Question 2

What is the main function of the structure labeled as the large central organelle in the image?

Accepted Answer

It controls cellular activities by housing genetic material.

Question 3

Which organelle is depicted as a series of flattened sacs near the nucleus and is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

The small, round structures scattered throughout the cytoplasm and attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum are:

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 5

Which structure in the image is responsible for producing ATP through aerobic metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 6

The finger-like projections on the cell surface shown in the image are called microvilli. What is their primary function?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface area for absorption

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances and breaking down fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 8

What is the main difference between the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum as seen in the image?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER has ribosomes attached, smooth ER does not.

Question 9

Which structure in the image is responsible for digesting worn-out organelles and cellular debris?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 10

The cytoskeleton, visible as a network throughout the cell, serves which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Question 11

If a cell's plasma membrane is damaged, which of the following processes would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of substances entering and leaving the cell

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of centrioles, which are typically found near the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

They organize microtubules during cell division.

Chapter 3 Cell Structure & Function Study Guidance (Anatomy & Physiology I)

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