Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the principle of complementarity as it relates to cells?

Accepted Answer

The structure of a cell determines its function.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a large number of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and export

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a double layer of phospholipids with proteins and cholesterol scattered throughout.

Question 4

A patient receives an intravenous (IV) solution that is hypertonic to their red blood cells. What is the most likely outcome for the cells?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cells, causing them to shrink (crenate).

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for the production of ATP through the breakdown of food using oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 6

Which type of cell junction would you expect to find in tissues that experience significant mechanical stress, such as cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Desmosomes

Question 7

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell.

Question 9

A cell is observed engulfing a bacterium by extending its plasma membrane around the particle. Which process is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct complementary base pairing during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

Question 12

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of DNA

Question 14

Which cytoskeletal element is the largest and is primarily responsible for cell movement and shape changes?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 15

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

They contain digestive enzymes to break down waste and cellular debris.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of filtration in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water and solutes from blood into kidney tubules due to blood pressure.

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell, both against their concentration gradients.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It is a highly selective process where specific molecules bind to receptors before being engulfed.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription of DNA to mRNA, translation of mRNA to protein at the ribosome

Lecture PP-Chapter 3: Cells and Tissues – Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology

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