Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the glycocalyx on the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a unique identifying and signaling structure, aiding in immune protection and cell recognition.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. Which type of solution was the cell placed in, and what is the underlying process?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution; water enters the cell by osmosis.

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging and transporting materials within and out of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi Body

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why aquaporins are important for osmosis in cells?

Accepted Answer

They allow water to diffuse more rapidly across the membrane.

Question 6

A patient receives an intravenous (IV) solution of 0.9% NaCl. What effect will this have on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will remain unchanged because the solution is isotonic.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Producing ATP for cellular energy

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the process of simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of particles from high to low concentration without ATP

Question 9

Which of the following cell extensions is specialized for absorption and is most commonly found in the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 10

A mutation occurs during DNA replication. Which of the following is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

The mutation may have no effect, or it could lead to cancer or genetic defects.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic of malignant tumors but NOT benign tumors?

Accepted Answer

They tend to metastasize and invade other tissues.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why cancer can weaken the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Cancer can overwhelm the immune system, making it less effective against infections.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of mitosis phases?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship for osmolarity ($$O) in a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$O = \frac{	ext{number of solute particles}}{	ext{liter of solution}}$$

Question 16

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink because water leaves the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by linking amino acids together.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-life example of filtration in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Removal of wastes by the kidneys.

Question 19

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly aligned before the cell divides?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of metastasis?

Accepted Answer

Malignant cells travel through blood or lymphatic vessels to establish new tumors elsewhere.

Chapter 3 – Cells: Structure, Function, and Division

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