Question 1

Which of the following best explains why the structure of a cell is closely related to its function?

Accepted Answer

The shape and subcellular components of a cell determine its biochemical functions.

Question 2

A red blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will:

Accepted Answer

Burst (lyse) as water enters the cell by osmosis.

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins destined for secretion.

Question 4

The Na+/K+ pump is an example of which type of membrane transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

It relies on the energy stored in ion gradients created by primary active transport.

Question 6

A cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. Which equation best describes the osmotic movement of water in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta \Psi = \Psi_{solution} - \Psi_{cell}$$, where $$\Psi_{solution} \u003c \Psi_{cell}$$

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for producing most of the cell’s ATP via aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 8

A patient’s white blood cells are unable to engulf bacteria. Which cellular process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

They digest and recycle cellular waste and foreign material.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct statement about the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It contains embedded proteins that perform various functions such as transport and signaling.

Question 11

A nerve cell transmits an electrical signal by changing its membrane potential. Which ion is primarily responsible for establishing the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

Potassium (K+)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in a secretory cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for export.

Question 13

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for cell motility and changes in cell shape?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments

Question 14

During protein synthesis, which type of RNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria are considered semiautonomous organelles?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA, RNA, and ribosomes and can divide independently.

Question 16

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits all forms of vesicular transport. Which of the following processes would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis of cholesterol

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the movement of ions during the establishment of the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{K^+} = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}} \right)$$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for secretion

Question 19

A mutation causes a cell to lack functional desmosomes. Which tissue property would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Ability to resist mechanical stress and tearing

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell uses specific receptors to internalize particular molecules into vesicles.

Chapter 3: Cells – The Living Units (Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes)

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