Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

They trap water in the ECM, helping the tissue resist compression.

Question 2

A patient with Marfan syndrome is at increased risk for which of the following complications due to abnormal elastic fibers in the ECM?

Accepted Answer

Aortic dissection, due to improper anchoring and distribution of elastic fibers.

Question 3

Which type of epithelial tissue is best adapted for rapid diffusion of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 4

Which of the following cell junctions is primarily responsible for making epithelial sheets impermeable to substances?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 5

A biopsy of a patient’s esophagus reveals multiple layers of living cells at the surface, all with visible nuclei. Which type of epithelium is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals poorly after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is avascular, so nutrients and oxygen must diffuse through the ECM, limiting repair.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct pairing of gland type and its secretion mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Mammary gland – apocrine secretion

Question 8

A tissue sample from the urinary bladder shows dome-shaped cells at the apical surface when relaxed, which flatten when stretched. What type of epithelium is this?

Accepted Answer

Transitional epithelium

Question 9

Which of the following connective tissues is specialized for fat storage, insulation, and shock absorption?

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between paracellular and transcellular transport across simple epithelia?

Accepted Answer

Paracellular transport occurs between cells, while transcellular transport involves substances passing through the cell membrane, cytosol, and exiting the opposite membrane.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of neuroglial cells in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring neurons and blood vessels, and supporting neuron activities

Question 12

A patient presents with a wound that heals by fibrosis rather than regeneration. Which tissue is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle tissue

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the composition of bone ECM?

Accepted Answer

About 65% inorganic calcium phosphate crystals and 35% organic components (collagen and ground substance)

Question 14

Which of the following is a true membrane that lines body cavities not open to the outside and produces a lubricating fluid?

Accepted Answer

Serous membrane

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why vitamin C deficiency can impair wound healing?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C is required by fibroblasts to produce functional collagen for tissue repair.

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue but NOT skeletal muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cells are branched and connected by intercalated discs containing gap junctions.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of reticular fibers in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

They form weblike networks that support cells and ground substance, especially in organs like the spleen.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the repair capacity of different tissues?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle tissue usually regenerates, while cardiac muscle tissue heals by fibrosis.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of goblet cells in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

They secrete mucus to protect underlying epithelium in the digestive and respiratory tracts.

Question 20

A carcinoma is most likely to arise from which tissue type, and what is a key feature that helps prevent its spread in early stages?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue; basement membrane acts as a barrier

Chapter 4: Histology – The Study of Tissues

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