Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

They attract positively charged ions, drawing water into the ECM and helping tissues resist compression.

Question 2

A patient presents with tall stature, long limbs, and a history of aortic dilation. Genetic testing reveals a defect in the fibrillin-1 gene. Which tissue component is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Elastic fibers

Question 3

Which type of epithelial tissue is best suited for rapid diffusion of gases and is found lining the air sacs of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 4

Which of the following cell junctions allows for the direct passage of small molecules between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 5

A biopsy of a gland reveals cells that release their product by exocytosis without losing any part of the cell. Which type of secretion is this?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine

Question 6

Which connective tissue type is specialized for energy storage, insulation, and shock absorption?

Accepted Answer

Adipose tissue

Question 7

A patient with osteoarthritis is considering glucosamine supplements. What is the hypothesized mechanism by which glucosamine might help?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates chondroblasts to produce more cartilage matrix.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between regeneration and fibrosis during tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Regeneration restores original tissue function by replacing damaged cells with the same type, while fibrosis forms scar tissue from collagen.

Question 9

Which of the following tissues is LEAST likely to regenerate after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle tissue

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of neuroglial cells in nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring neurons and blood vessels, and supporting neuron function

Question 11

A tissue sample shows a single layer of tall, rectangular cells with nuclei at the base and microvilli on the apical surface. Which tissue is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Simple columnar epithelium

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why dense regular connective tissue is found in tendons?

Accepted Answer

It contains parallel bundles of collagen fibers that resist tension in one direction.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the basement membrane of epithelial tissues?

Accepted Answer

It consists of the basal lamina (from epithelial cells) and reticular lamina (from connective tissue).

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the main function of reticular fibers in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

They form supportive networks that trap foreign cells and support soft tissues.

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

Accepted Answer

It appears multilayered due to nuclei at different heights, but all cells touch the basement membrane.

Question 16

A patient with a nonhealing wound is found to have poor arterial blood supply. Which factor is most likely impairing tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Inadequate blood flow to the injured area

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the main difference between serous and mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

Mucous membranes open to the outside of the body, while serous membranes line closed body cavities.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals poorly after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage lacks a blood supply and often heals by fibrosis rather than regeneration.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the protein fibers in the extracellular matrix?

Accepted Answer

They provide tensile strength and structural support to tissues.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts work together to deposit and resorb bone in response to tension and pressure.

Chapter 4: Histology – The Study of Tissues

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