Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

Accepted Answer

They attract water and help the ECM resist compression.

Question 2

A patient with Marfan syndrome has a defect in the gene coding for fibrillin-1. Which ECM component is most directly affected by this defect?

Accepted Answer

Elastic fibers

Question 3

Which type of cell junction is primarily responsible for preventing substances from passing between adjacent epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals poorly after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage lacks a blood supply and often heals by fibrosis rather than regeneration.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct pairing of gland type and secretion method?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine gland – releases product with portions of cytoplasm

Question 6

A tissue sample shows multiple layers of flat cells with the apical layer dead and filled with keratin. What is the most likely function of this tissue?

Accepted Answer

Protection from mechanical stress and water loss

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of fibroblasts in connective tissue proper?

Accepted Answer

They produce protein fibers and ground substance.

Question 8

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the number of adipocytes ($$n$$), the average volume of lipid inclusion per adipocyte ($$V$$), and the total adipose tissue volume ($$T) in $$hypertrophic obesity?

Accepted Answer

$$T = n 	imes V$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a unique feature of cardiac muscle tissue compared to skeletal and smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

It contains intercalated discs for cell-to-cell communication.

Question 10

A patient presents with a friction rub heard over the chest. Which membrane is most likely inflamed?

Accepted Answer

Serous membrane

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of fibrosis during tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Formation of scar tissue by fibroblasts producing collagen

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of reticular fibers in the ECM?

Accepted Answer

Forming a supportive scaffold for cells and ground substance

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why neurons in the central nervous system do not regenerate after injury?

Accepted Answer

Neurons are amitotic and cannot divide.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between paracellular and transcellular transport across simple epithelia?

Accepted Answer

Paracellular transport moves substances between cells, while transcellular transport moves substances through the cell.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the basement membrane in epithelial tissues?

Accepted Answer

It consists of the basal lamina and reticular lamina.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the main function of goblet cells in mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

They secrete mucus to trap debris and pathogens.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why adequate blood supply is important for tissue repair?

Accepted Answer

Blood supply provides oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells necessary for healing.

Question 18

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of pseudostratified epithelium?

Accepted Answer

It appears to have multiple layers due to varying cell heights, but all cells touch the basement membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the main function of synovial fluid in synovial membranes?

Accepted Answer

It lubricates freely movable joints.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why cardiac muscle tissue heals primarily by fibrosis rather than regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells are amitotic and cannot divide to replace lost cells.

Chapter 4: Histology – The Study of Tissues

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