Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the stratum basale in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

It contains stem cells that actively divide to produce new keratinocytes.

Question 2

A patient presents with a bluish tint to their skin and mucous membranes. Which of the following best explains this condition?

Accepted Answer

Low oxygenation of hemoglobin, known as cyanosis.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the layers of the epidermis in thick skin, from deepest to most superficial?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

Question 4

A surgeon is planning an incision on the trunk. According to the structure of the dermis, why should the incision be made parallel to cleavage (tension) lines?

Accepted Answer

To promote faster healing and reduce scarring.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of eccrine (merocrine) sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

Thermoregulation through secretion of a watery sweat.

Question 6

A patient with third-degree burns over 15% of their body is at immediate risk for which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

Question 7

Which cell type in the epidermis is primarily responsible for activating the immune response against pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic (Langerhans) cells

Question 8

A 25-year-old woman presents with excessive hair growth on her face and chest. Laboratory tests reveal elevated androgen levels. Which condition is most likely responsible for her symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Hirsutism due to polycystic ovary syndrome

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the skin is able to act as a physical barrier to most water and water-soluble substances?

Accepted Answer

Flat, dead, keratinized cells surrounded by glycolipids in the stratum corneum

Question 10

A newborn presents with thick, yellowish, flaking lesions on the scalp. This is most likely due to:

Accepted Answer

Overactive sebaceous glands causing seborrhea (cradle cap)

Question 11

Which pigment is responsible for the yellow to orange coloration of the skin, especially visible in the palms and soles, and can be converted to vitamin A?

Accepted Answer

Carotene

Question 12

A patient with a liver disorder presents with a yellowish tint to their skin and sclera. This condition is known as:

Accepted Answer

Jaundice

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the structure and function of hair?

Accepted Answer

The cortex contains several layers of flattened cells surrounding the medulla.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of third-degree (full-thickness) burns?

Accepted Answer

The area appears gray-white, cherry red, or blackened, and is not painful.

Question 15

Which of the following is a metabolic function of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of vitamin D for calcium absorption

Question 16

A patient is prescribed a transdermal patch for medication delivery. Which property of the skin allows certain drugs to be absorbed through the skin?

Accepted Answer

Lipid-soluble substances can penetrate the stratum corneum

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

Contracts to cause 'goose bumps' by pulling the hair follicle upright

Question 18

A patient presents with horizontal lines across their nails (Beau’s lines). Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Severe illness such as uncontrolled diabetes or heart attack

Question 19

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of apocrine sweat glands compared to eccrine sweat glands?

Accepted Answer

They secrete a viscous, protein-rich sweat into hair follicles in the axillary and anogenital regions.

Question 20

Which of the following is the most dangerous type of skin cancer due to its high metastatic potential and resistance to chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Chapter 5: The Integumentary System – Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide

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