Q: A solution is prepared by dissolving 18.012 grams of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) in enough water to make 0.1 liters of solution. What is the molarity (M$) of the solution? (Molecular weight of glucose = 180.12 g/mol)

$$M = \frac{18.012}{180.12 \times 0.1} = 1.0$$

Q: A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$moles per liter?

$$[H^+] = 10$$^{-4}$$ \text{ M}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a compound and a mixture?

Accepted Answer

Compounds involve chemical bonding between components, while mixtures do not involve chemical bonding.

Question 2

A solution is prepared by dissolving 18.012 grams of glucose ($$C_6H_{12}O_6$) in enough water to make 0.1 liters of solution. What is the molarity (M$) of the solution? (Molecular weight of glucose = 180.12 g/mol)

Accepted Answer

$$M = \frac{18.012}{180.12 	imes 0.1} = 1.0$$

Question 3

Which of the following elements is most abundant in the human body by mass and is essential for the production of cellular energy (ATP)?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 4

A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.1. Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding this condition?

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing acidosis, which can impair enzyme function.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water forms hydration layers around ions due to its polarity.

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond is formed when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are joined together to form a protein molecule.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.

Question 9

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the concentration of hydrogen ions $$[H^+] in $$moles per liter?

Accepted Answer

$$[H^+] = 10$$^{-4}$$ 	ext{ M}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of buffers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers maintain pH by releasing or binding hydrogen ions as needed.

Question 11

Which of the following is a property of saturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

They have only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are specific for their substrates?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes have active sites with unique three-dimensional shapes that fit only specific substrates.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a building block for vitamin D, steroid hormones, and bile salts.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The arrangement of two or more polypeptide chains into a functional protein.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a nitrogenous base in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the energy currency of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP directly powers cellular work by transferring phosphate groups to other molecules.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of a decomposition (catabolic) reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is broken down to release glucose molecules.

Question 18

Which of the following is a property of water that helps maintain body temperature homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in partial charges, while nonpolar covalent bonds involve equal sharing.

Chemistry Comes Alive: Foundations for Anatomy & Physiology

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