Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a solution, a colloid, and a suspension as found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Solutions have tiny solute particles that do not settle out or scatter light, colloids have larger particles that scatter light but do not settle out, and suspensions have very large particles that settle out and may scatter light.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about energy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Kinetic energy is energy in action, and potential energy is stored energy that can be converted to kinetic energy.

Question 3

A patient is given an intravenous solution containing sodium chloride (NaCl). What happens to the NaCl when it enters the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions, which are surrounded by water molecules due to water's polar nature.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are polar, allowing them to surround and separate ions in solution.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis (anabolic) reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

The joining of amino acids to form a protein molecule.

Question 6

A molecule of methane (CH$$_4) is $$formed by which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Nonpolar covalent bonds formed by sharing electrons equally between carbon and hydrogen.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, allowing reactions to proceed quickly at body temperature.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about acids and bases is correct?

Accepted Answer

Acids release hydrogen ions (H$$^+) in $$solution, while bases release hydroxyl ions (OH$$^-).$$

Question 9

A solution has a pH of 5. Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of H$$^+.$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why buffers are important in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Buffers resist abrupt changes in pH by releasing or binding hydrogen ions as needed.

Question 11

Which of the following is a property of water that is critical for maintaining body temperature homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity, allowing it to absorb and release heat with little temperature change.

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the structure of phospholipids and their role in cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have a polar, hydrophilic head and nonpolar, hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers in cell membranes.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose and thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose and uracil.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of a decomposition (catabolic) reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

The breakdown of glycogen to release glucose molecules.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides immediate, usable energy for cellular work by transferring a phosphate group.

Question 16

A patient with a blood pH of 6.8 is in critical condition. Why is this dangerous?

Accepted Answer

A blood pH below 7.0 can impair enzyme function and is often incompatible with life.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonds involve the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in charged ions, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Acting as enzymes to catalyze biochemical reactions.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why carbon is so important in organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon is electroneutral and can form four covalent bonds, allowing for a diversity of stable, complex molecules.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis joins monomers to form polymers by removing water, while hydrolysis breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.

Chemistry Comes Alive: Foundations of Anatomy & Physology

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