Q: A solution has a pH of 4. What is the hydrogen ion concentration $$[\mathrm{H^+}] in $$moles per liter?

$$[\mathrm{H^+}] = 1 \times 10$$^{-4}$$\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction, such as those occurring in a catalytic converter?

Accepted Answer

A catalyst speeds up the reaction rate by lowering the activation energy without being consumed.

Question 2

Which property of water allows it to form hydration layers around ions such as $$\mathrm{Na^+} in $$solution?

Accepted Answer

Polarity

Question 3

A solution has a pH of 4. What is the hydrogen ion concentration $$[\mathrm{H^+}] in $$moles per liter?

Accepted Answer

$$[\mathrm{H^+}] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$\ \mathrm{M}$$

Question 4

Which of the following reactions represents a dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Glucose + Fructose $$\rightarrow$$ Sucrose + $$\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why salts are considered electrolytes?

Accepted Answer

They dissociate into ions in water, allowing them to conduct electricity.

Question 6

A buffer system in blood involves the following equilibrium: $$\mathrm{H_2CO_3} \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{$$HCO_3$$^-} + \mathrm{H^+}. $$What happens if a strong acid is added to the blood?

Accepted Answer

The buffer will bind excess $$\mathrm{H^+}$$ ions, minimizing the pH change.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

They contain carbon and often form large molecules with covalent bonds.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?

Accepted Answer

A strong acid completely dissociates in water, while a weak acid only partially dissociates.

Question 9

Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective temperature buffer in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water has a high heat capacity, so it absorbs and releases heat slowly.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

It contains a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group.

Question 12

A patient’s blood pH drops from 7.4 to 7.1. What does this indicate about the hydrogen ion concentration?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen ion concentration has increased.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Breaking a polymer into monomers by adding a water molecule.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that is important for life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to dissolve nonpolar substances

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why carbon is central to organic chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Carbon can form four covalent bonds, allowing for complex molecules.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of a buffer system at work in the human body?

Accepted Answer

The carbonic acid-bicarbonate system maintaining blood pH.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between pH and $$[\mathrm{H^+}]$$?

Accepted Answer

As pH decreases, $$[\mathrm{H^+}]$$ increases.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a salt and its dissociation products in water?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NaCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{Na^+} + \mathrm{Cl^-}$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

A molecule composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.

Chemistry Comes Alive: Foundations of Biochemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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