Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a molecule and a compound?

Accepted Answer

A molecule is formed by two or more atoms bonded together, which may be the same or different, while a compound is formed by two or more different atoms bonded together.

Question 2

Which type of chemical bond is primarily responsible for the surface tension observed in blood droplets, as shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 3

Which of the following reactions is an example of a decomposition (catabolic) reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{H} + \mathrm{O} $$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids are the main component of the cell membrane due to their amphipathic nature.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

They have no double bonds, allowing the molecules to pack closely together.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a component of bile acids that help emulsify dietary fats.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A chemical reaction in which two monomers are joined by a covalent bond, producing a polymer and water.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a carbohydrate and its function?

Accepted Answer

Glucose – primary source of ATP for body cells

Question 9

Which of the following statements about protein structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

The tertiary structure is the final 3D shape of a functional protein.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy needed to break or make chemical bonds in reactants.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct description of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is usually single-stranded and contains uracil.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why triglycerides are an efficient energy storage molecule?

Accepted Answer

They contain three fatty acids, which store large amounts of energy in their hydrocarbon chains.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the formation of ATP from ADP?

Accepted Answer

The reaction is endergonic and stores energy in the new phosphate bond.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between fibrous and globular proteins?

Accepted Answer

Fibrous proteins are long strands that provide structural support, while globular proteins are roughly spherical and function as enzymes and cell messengers.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine pairs with thymine

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why water is a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative, so electrons are pulled closer to it, creating partial charges.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

A chemical reaction in which water is used to break covalent bonds between polymers, resulting in monomers.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life application of hydrogen bonding in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds are responsible for the surface tension that allows blood to form droplets.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

The specific arrangement of atoms and bonds in a macromolecule determines its function in the body.

Chemistry of Life: Macromolecules and Chemical Bonds in Anatomy & Physiology

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