Question 1

Refer to the labeled cell diagram (Image 1). Which structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are destined for secretion from the cell?

Accepted Answer

G (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the function of the structure labeled 'C' in Image 1?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of most ATP production through cellular respiration.

Question 3

In Image 2, which process is depicted on the right side of the membrane protein, and what is its main energy source?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport; energy from ATP

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the sodium-potassium pump (Image 3) is essential for maintaining the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It moves three Na+ out and two K+ in, creating an electrochemical gradient.

Question 5

Which step in Image 3 represents the phosphorylation of the pump by ATP, and what is the significance of this step?

Accepted Answer

Step E; it causes the pump to change shape and move Na+ out.

Question 6

Which labeled structure in Image 1 is responsible for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA and assembly of ribosome subunits?

Accepted Answer

H (Nucleolus)

Question 7

A mutation causes the structure labeled 'F' in Image 1 to malfunction. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification and sorting

Question 8

In Image 2, which process is occurring on the left side of the membrane protein, and what is the driving force?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion; concentration gradient

Question 9

If the structure labeled 'D' in Image 1 is destroyed, which cellular process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Cell division (mitosis)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the sequence of ion movement in the sodium-potassium pump cycle as shown in Image 3?

Accepted Answer

3 Na+ out, 2 K+ in

Question 11

Which structure in Image 1 is most directly involved in the detoxification of drugs and synthesis of lipids?

Accepted Answer

A (Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Question 12

Which process is illustrated by the movement of red spheres through the left membrane protein in Image 2?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 13

If a cell lacked the structure labeled 'G' in Image 1, which of the following would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of secreted proteins

Question 14

Which step in Image 3 immediately follows the binding of sodium ions to the pump?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation of the pump by ATP (Step E)

Comprehensive Study Guide for Chapter 3: Cells – Anatomy & Physiology

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