Question 1

Which of the following best describes a key difference between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

The nervous system acts at specific locations determined by axon pathways, while the endocrine system acts at diffuse locations.

Question 2

Which hormone is produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 3

A patient presents with dehydration. Which hormone is most likely to be released in response, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH); increases water reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct pairing of hormone and its primary target tissue?

Accepted Answer

FSH – Gonads

Question 5

Which hormone acts as an antagonist to parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the regulation of blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 6

A tumor in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex would most likely affect the secretion of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why lipid-soluble hormones have a longer half-life in the blood than water-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

Lipid-soluble hormones are bound to plasma proteins, which protects them from rapid breakdown.

Question 8

Which cell type in the pancreatic islets is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels, and what hormone does it secrete?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells; insulin

Question 9

A patient with damage to the anterior pituitary would most likely have decreased levels of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Growth Hormone (GH)

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates negative feedback regulation in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Increased blood glucose stimulates insulin release, which lowers blood glucose and inhibits further insulin release.

Question 11

Which hormone is released from the adrenal medulla in response to acute stress, and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine; increases heart rate and blood pressure

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for water-soluble hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to cell surface receptors and activate second messenger systems.

Question 13

A patient with low thyroid hormone (TH) levels is found to have high TSH levels. Where is the likely site of dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Question 14

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Question 15

Which of the following is a stimulus for the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

Accepted Answer

Low blood calcium levels

Question 16

Which hormone is released in response to high blood glucose and acts to decrease blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypophyseal portal system?

Accepted Answer

It carries releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.

Question 18

Which hormone is secreted by parafollicular (C) cells of the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Question 19

A patient with a pituitary tumor that destroys acidophils would most likely have decreased secretion of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Growth Hormone (GH)

Question 20

Which hormone is released in response to uterine stretching and enhances uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Endocrine System and Hormone Mapping: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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