Question 1

Which hormone is produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Aldosterone; increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 2

A patient with type O- blood requires a transfusion. Based on the blood compatibility chart, which donor blood type(s) can safely be given to this patient?

Accepted Answer

O- only

Question 3

Which cell type is responsible for the production of insulin in the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic Islet β cells

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytize bacteria

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with hypothyroidism due to a lack of TSH. Which pituitary cell type is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Thyrotropic cells

Question 6

Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary and is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin (OT)

Question 7

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the heart's conduction system?

Accepted Answer

Papillary muscle

Question 8

A patient with blood type AB+ is considered a universal recipient. Which of the following best explains why?

Accepted Answer

AB+ blood contains both A and B antigens and the Rh antigen, so it does not form antibodies against any donor blood type

Question 9

Which hormone is released by the heart and helps to lower blood pressure by increasing sodium excretion?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Prevent backflow of blood by anchoring the atrioventricular valves

Question 11

Which hormone is produced by the pineal gland and regulates circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 12

A patient with Addison's disease has decreased secretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex. Which hormone is LEAST likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart, starting from the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Tricuspid valve → Right ventricle → Pulmonary semilunar valve → Pulmonary artery

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of erythropoietin (EPO)?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the hormone calcitonin?

Accepted Answer

Decreases blood calcium levels

Question 16

A patient is experiencing excessive urination and dehydration due to a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which hypothalamic nucleus is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Supraoptic nucleus

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Instrumental in blood clotting

Question 18

Which of the following veins drains blood from the myocardium directly into the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Coronary sinus

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted by the parathyroid gland and what is its primary effect?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); increases blood calcium

Question 20

A patient with blood type A- needs a transfusion. Which of the following donor blood types is compatible?

Accepted Answer

A- and O-

Endocrine System, Blood, and Heart: Mini-Textbook Study Notes

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드