Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a polar covalent bond and a nonpolar covalent bond, as seen in water (H₂O) and hydrogen gas (H₂)?

Accepted Answer

In a polar covalent bond, electrons are shared unequally between atoms, resulting in partial charges, while in a nonpolar covalent bond, electrons are shared equally.

Question 2

If the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution increases from $$1 	imes 10$$^{-7}$$ M to 1$$ 	imes $$10^{-5} M$$, what happens to the pH of the solution?

Accepted Answer

The pH decreases by 2 units.

Question 3

Which class of organic molecule is characterized by a double helix structure and complementary base pairing?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic Acid

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, regulates transport, and isolates the cell from its surroundings.

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrivel (crenate) because water leaves the cell to the area of higher solute concentration.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of integral (transmembrane) proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They act as channels or carriers for specific molecules across the membrane.

Question 7

Which process describes the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 8

A cell uses ATP to move sodium ions out and potassium ions in, both against their concentration gradients. Which transport mechanism is being described?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport via the sodium-potassium pump

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for the majority of ATP production in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for export.

Question 11

Which cellular structure is responsible for assembling ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 12

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli on the surface of certain cells?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to move polar or charged solutes down their concentration gradient.

Question 15

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium by surrounding it with its plasma membrane and forming a vesicle. This process is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It is made of multiple components that can move laterally within the layer.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Question 18

Which process involves the release of substances from a cell when a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between DNA, mRNA, and protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP

Essential Study Notes: Chemistry of Life and Cell Biology for Anatomy & Physiology

스터디 가이드 - 연습 문제

학습 가이드 - 플래시카드