Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between homeostasis and negative feedback mechanisms in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis is maintained primarily by negative feedback mechanisms, which counteract deviations from a set point.

Question 2

A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.1. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the hydrogen ion concentration and the body's acid-base status?

Accepted Answer

The hydrogen ion concentration is higher than normal, indicating acidosis.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why water is an excellent solvent for ionic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, so its partial charges surround and separate ions.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Combining two monosaccharides to form a disaccharide and releasing water: $$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + C_6H_{12}O_6$ \rightarrow C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11} + H_2O$

Question 5

A solution contains 0.01 moles of $$H^+$$ per liter. What is the pH of this solution?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = -\log_{10}(0.01) = 4$$

Question 6

Which of the following best distinguishes a saturated fatty acid from an unsaturated fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, increasing the rate of chemical reactions.

Question 8

A redox reaction occurs in a cell where glucose is oxidized. According to the OIL RIG mnemonic, what happens to glucose in this reaction?

Accepted Answer

Glucose loses electrons and is oxidized.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 10

A buffer system in blood helps maintain pH by which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

By converting strong acids and bases into weak acids and bases.

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of phospholipids that makes them essential for cell membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

They have both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, allowing them to form bilayers.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why isotopes of the same element have different atomic masses but the same chemical properties?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes have different numbers of neutrons, affecting mass but not electron configuration.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of a solution, colloid, and suspension?

Accepted Answer

A solution has solute particles evenly distributed at the molecular level, a colloid has larger particles that scatter light, and a suspension has large particles that settle out.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains the base thymine, while RNA contains the base uracil.

Question 15

Which of the following is the best example of an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

The transfer of an electron from sodium to chlorine, forming $$Na^+$$ and $$Cl^-.$$

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group: $$ATP \rightarrow ADP + P_i + energy$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of electrons in chemical bonding?

Accepted Answer

Valence electrons in the outermost shell determine how atoms bond and react.

Question 18

A patient is given a saline solution intravenously. Which of the following best describes the solution and its components?

Accepted Answer

The solution is a mixture where water is the solvent and salt is the solute.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Exam I Review: Human Body Orientation & Basic Chemistry for Anatomy & Physiology

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