Question 1

Which of the following best distinguishes an organic compound from an inorganic compound?

Accepted Answer

Organic compounds always contain both hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Question 2

Water is essential for life due to several properties. Which property of water allows it to help regulate body temperature during exercise?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic salt that is critical for nerve impulse transmission?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride ($$\mathrm{NaCl})$$

Question 4

Which of the following statements about carbohydrates is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and provide energy for cellular activities.

Question 5

A patient is found to have a deficiency in calcium ions ($$\mathrm{Ca$$^{2+}$$}). $$Which physiological process is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Muscle contraction

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of proteins in the human body?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent for metabolic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Water is a polar molecule, allowing it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about nucleic acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and stores genetic information.

Question 10

A protein is exposed to high heat and loses its functional shape. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the backbone of a nucleic acid molecule?

Accepted Answer

Alternating phosphate and five-carbon sugar molecules

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-life example of the importance of electrolytes in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining proper nerve and muscle function

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is used to synthesize sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why proteins can have such a wide variety of functions?

Accepted Answer

Proteins have complex shapes determined by their amino acid sequence and interactions.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A simple sugar that is the building block of carbohydrates

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of carbon dioxide ($$\mathrm{CO_2$}) in $$the body?

Accepted Answer

It is a waste product released during energy-releasing metabolic reactions.

Question 19

Which of the following is a property of water that allows it to transport heat and waste materials in the body?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity and solvent properties

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose.

Biochem A&P

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