Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between neural and hormonal mediation of behavior?

Accepted Answer

Neural mediation is faster and has short-lasting effects, while hormonal mediation is slower and has long-lasting effects.

Question 2

In the classic ablation-replacement experiment by Berthold (1849), what was the main conclusion regarding the role of the testes in male chickens?

Accepted Answer

Testes produce a chemical signal that is necessary for normal male development and behavior.

Question 3

Which hormone is released from the adrenal cortex as part of the HPA axis and is involved in the stress response?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a feed-forward mechanism in endocrinology?

Accepted Answer

The small intestine signaling the pancreas to increase insulin secretion before blood glucose rises.

Question 5

Which of the following best defines a hormone?

Accepted Answer

An organic chemical messenger produced by an endocrine gland, traveling through the blood to interact with target cells.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a typical effect of adrenaline (epinephrine) released during the fight-or-flight response?

Accepted Answer

Decreased levels of glucose in the bloodstream

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the HPA axis?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus → CRH → Anterior Pituitary → ACTH → Adrenal Cortex → Cortisol

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) effect observed in wildlife?

Accepted Answer

Development of intersex gonads in fish downstream from wastewater treatment plants

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of hormone receptors in target cell specificity?

Accepted Answer

Only cells with specific receptors for a hormone can respond to that hormone.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct example of a neurohormone?

Accepted Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) released into the blood by hypothalamic neurons

Question 11

Which of the following is a plausible outcome if a hormone is secreted in an inactive form and not metabolized to its active form?

Accepted Answer

The hormone will not bind to its receptor and will not cause its characteristic effect.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of cholecystokinin (CCK) in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates the pancreas and liver to secrete digestive enzymes into the intestine

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct example of a paracrine signal?

Accepted Answer

A cytocrine acting on neighboring cells in the local extracellular fluid

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of a feed-forward mechanism in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

The small intestine releasing GLP-1 to stimulate insulin secretion before blood glucose rises

Question 15

Which of the following is a plausible effect of exposure to phytoactive EDCs (endocrine disrupting chemicals) in animals?

Accepted Answer

Altered reproductive development

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the anterior pituitary gland in hormone regulation?

Accepted Answer

It secretes tropic hormones that regulate the activity of other endocrine glands.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct example of negative feedback in hormone regulation?

Accepted Answer

High cortisol levels inhibit further release of CRH and ACTH.

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible effect of illegal performance enhancers such as erythropoietin (EPO) in athletes?

Accepted Answer

Increased red blood cell production and oxygen-carrying capacity

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the interaction between the nervous system, endocrine system, and immune system?

Accepted Answer

All three systems secrete bioregulators and influence each other to maintain homeostasis.

Introduction to Endocrinology: Hormones, Behavior, and Bioregulation

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